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Ecotoxicological evaulation samples from burnt-out area
Pasírbková, Adéla ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In the case of fires frequently wide range of inhomogeneous material is burnt. A lot of combustion products arise during this event, which may adversely affect the environment. Most often detected compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and also organic compounds, which show adverse effects for organism. It is possible to identify and quantify most of them by chemical analysis, but their impact on the ecosystem is not predictable on the basis of these results. An effective tool to predict the impact of combustion products on the ecosystem are ecotoxicity tests. In this thesis, the water leachates of samples from fire places were prepared and subjected to ecotoxicological tests. Two alternative test of ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms were used: the first on the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus (ThamnotoxkitFTM) and the second on the organism Daphnia magna (DaphtoxkitFTM). Another testing aquatic organism was Artemia salina. Ecotoxicity was also tested using a standard phytotoxicity tests; white mustard (Sinapis alba) and white onion (Allium cepa) root growth inhibition tests and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) growth inhibition test. On the basis of obtained ecotoxicological values LC (EC, IC)50 the impact of matrices from fire places on the ecosystem was evaulated.
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Ecotoxicity of selected musk compounds
Cvikýřová, Zuzana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Products of daily use, which are mainly cosmetics and personal care products could significantly affect the environment. Recently, in terms of environmental protection, organic compounds responsible for the pleasant smell of these products - synthetic fragrances or musk compounds - are often mentioned. This diploma thesis aims to assess the ecotoxicity of several new substances from the group linear (alicyclic) musk compounds. From this group following fragrance ingrediens were tested: lilial, linalool, arocete and aroflorone. Since the majority of their residues enter the aquatic ecosystem, aquatic freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus and aquatic plant Lemna minor were selected as test organisms. Individual ecotoxicity of above mentioned substances was evaluated as well as toxicity of binary mixture of arofloron and linalool on organisms Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. Based on the test results the ecotoxicological values LC50, EC50 and IC50 for the tested substances were evaluated and their ecotoxicity was compared. Lilial showed the highest ecotoxicity. Value of 24h EC50 for organism Daphnia magna was 2.13 mg/l and value of 24h LC50 for the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus was 10.86 mg/l.
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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected pharmaceuticals
Weiss, Jan ; Dvořáková, Dagmar (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In recent years consumption of drugs and thus the quantity of their residues in natural ecosystems is increasing. It is necessary to deal with their possible negative effects on the environment. This thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of pharmaceuticals. Diclofenac and ibuprofen from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances, penicillin G and ampicillin from the group of antibiotics were tested. Mainly tests on aquatic organisms were used to evaluate of ecotoxicity, because the tested pharmaceuticals are predominantly occurred in the aquatic environment. Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Artemia salina, Sinapis alba, Lemna minor, and Brachionus calyciflorus were used as testing organisms. Values of LC50, EC50 and IC50 were determinated and the ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals was compared.
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Utilization of contacts phytotoxicity tests for evaluation of energetic byproducts
Jozífková, Zuzana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The energetic by-products are a part of energetic wastes which are residues of fuels combustion or also the residues of flue-gas cleaning. Their following use could impact the terrestrial and subsequently also aquatic ecosystems. For these reasons it is necessary to evaluate with their possible ecotoxicity. In this diploma work the samples of energy products were subjected to ecotoxicological testing via contact phytotoxicity tests on Embryophyta. Water leaches of these samples were tested in order of comparison of the two testing methods. To test the water leaches of energy by-products the root growth inhibition test of five selected plant species were used; white mustard (Sinapis alba), kohlrabi oilseed rape (Brassica napus), turnip kohlrabi rape (Brassica rapa), garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and oats (Avena sativa). For the evaluation of ecotoxicity in contact arrangement the following phytotoxicity tests were selected: germination and growth of higher plants, brassica oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and oats (Avena sativa). Furthermore, the limit concentrations of waste at the plant Brassica napus were tested and screening tests poppy germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were performed. On the basis of obtained results ecotoxicity of energetic by-product was assessed and needs of solid matrices testing in contact arrangement discussed.
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The use of algal test in ecotoxicology
Hájková, Tereza ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with a use of algal test in ecotoxicology. A freshwater algae, Desmodesmus subspicatus, was used to asses the ecotoxicity of selected chemical substances. A spectrophotometry method, of VIS spectrum, was used in evaluation of the EC50. A correlation, between a number of algal cells and the wavelength absorbance at 683 nm, has been determined for this purpose. Following chemicals were tested, 2-[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl]acetic acid, (RS)-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid and N-(4-hydro-xyphenyl)acetamide. An EC50 value was determined for all these substances and also their ecotoxicity has been evaluated.
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Ecotoxicological tests and their aplication for ecotoxicity evaluation of energetic byproducts
Ballnérová, Petra ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The energetic byproducts are a part of energetic wastes which are residues of fuels combustion or also the residues of flue-gas cleaning. Their following application can impact the terrestrial and subsequently also aquatic ecosystems. With respect to these reasons it is necessary to deal with their possible ecotoxicity. Within the framework of this diploma thesis water leaches from the byproducts’ samples were prepared and subsequently ecotoxicaly tested. Three alternative toxicity tests on aquatic organisms were used: Thamnotoxkit FTM and a Rapidtoxkit FTM on sense organisms Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphtoxkit FTM on sense organisms Daphnia magna. Standard tests of fytotoxicity were also used; Sinapis alba root growth inhibition test and Lemna minor growth inhibition test. The values of EC50, LC50 and IC50 were determined and ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts was evaluated.
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of sediments
Dobešová, Zuzana ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Sediments of lotic and lentic water can be a reservoir of a number of contaminants, which can enter the aquatic ecosystem either due to the controlled discharge of waste water or leakage of various accidents or technological devices. Sediments can hereby affect not only the aquatic ecosystem, but also the terrestrial system in the case that they will be used as fertilizer or as a material for the recultivation. For this reason it is important to consider their potential ecotoxicity. Sediments were subjected to ecotoxicological bioassays and their potential ecotoxicity was assessed. The phytotoxicity assays on terrestrial plants Sinapis alba, Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa were used and the effects of aqueous extracts of sediments on the inhibition of growth their root were evaluated and the value of IC50 was determined. For the ecotoxicological assessment of sediments and determination of IC50 value also Lemna minor as a representative of aquatic plants was selected. For more objective assessment of the sediment ecotoxicity aquatic invertebrates as Artemia salina and Daphnia magna were selected and the value of LC50 or EC50 was determined.
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Assessment of the effect of formaldehyde resin monomers on the environment
Kalčíková, Gabriela ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Thousand of new substances with unknown environmental effect are produced and used daily. Many of them are deliberately or by negligence released and deposited into the environment where they could undergo different transport and degradation mechanisms. They are able to affect different types of organisms, as well as humans. For this reason, the awareness of the problems, associated with pollution of all environmental compartments is growing. The environmental impact of monomer formaldehyde resins, which are produced for commercial use, on the environment were studied in this research. For the purposes of ecotoxicological evaluation samples of melamine-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resin were chosen and three toxicity tests were run: acute test with measurement of inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna, the acute test with luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri and acute test with measurement of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge. For more comprehensive assessment of the impact of these substances on the environment, biodegradability was also determined. Both tested substances showed minor hazardous impact to testing organisms and it can be concluded, that these substances should not present a significant risk to the environment.
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Ecotoxicity of selected platinum metals.
Kořínková, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Over the last 20 years increasing concentration of platinum metals in the environment was recorded. These hazardous metals come through anthropogenic activities in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to deal with their possible negative impact on organisms. This thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of selected complex compounds of platinum metals, namely platinum and palladium. For ecotoxicity evaluation tests on following aquatic organisms were used: Daphnia manga, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Lemna minor. On the base of obtained results ecotoxicological values of LC50 and EC50 were calculated.
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